GHOTBI Nader    Department   Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University  College of Asia Pacific Studies    Position   Professor
Language	English
Publication Date	2012/09
Type	Research paper (Academic/Professional Journal)
Peer Review	Peer reviewed
Title	Security and the human right of access to affordable healthcare
Contribution Type	Single Work
Journal	Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics
Volume, Issue, Page	22(5),pp.173
Details	Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights refers to “the right of everyone to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including … medical care …” and also “the right to security in the event of … sickness, disability, …, old age, …”. This article also entitles mothers and children to “special care and assistance”. Ensuring access of almost every individual living in a country to the needed medical care usually depends on the provision of health insurance coverage to a population pool andgradually expanding the pool to the whole population. The four general methods of healthcare insurance, state-funded, social, private, and community-based health insurance, have been used in different countries with varying details in the sources of funding, pooling of contributions, and the purchase of the health services under coverage. These methods have had varying levels of success depending on not only the availability of funds, whether domestic or from foreign assistance, but also on the political commitment of the state, and the social solidarity and cultural attitudes of the population regarding universal healthcare coverage.
ISSN	1173-2571